was given to him, in Blessed Peter, by our Lord Jesus Christ to feed, to rule, and to govern the universal Church …” Here we see that in addition to Matthew 16:18, Pope Leo also appeals to John 21:17 in asserting papal claims. However, since the principal passage is Matthew 16:18, it is this one that we will address. Papal claims of supreme universal jurisdiction are based on the interpretation that St. Peter is the “rock.” The problem with this interpretation is that in the early Church, this was
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